Many civil society organizations, government opponents, and political parties had access to independent print and broadcast media and used them to express their views. Coercion in Population Control: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. ), total: 19.72 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 21.77 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 17.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. It changes the spelling of one province from This table shows the resulting subdivision of Algeria. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. Some of those arrested, reported being brutalized. On September 8, several leaders were prevented from marching in Constantine. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy. During the year the ICRC hosted training sessions on human rights standards related to arrest, detention, and interrogation procedures for judicial police from the DGSN and National Gendarmerie, as well as for judges. The May 2017 elections for the lower chamber of parliament did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. Police arrested protesters throughout the year for violating the law against unregistered public gatherings. ISO followed suit on 2007-11-28 with ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-9. The law protects union members from discrimination or dismissal based on their union activities. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. Tbessa arrondissement restored from Batna to Bne. Many trade unions remained unrecognized by the government; they identified delayed processing and administrative hurdles imposed by the government as the primary obstacles to establishing legal status. In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. )crude oil estimated reserves: 12.2 billion barrels (2021 est. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. ), municipal: 3.6 billion cubic meters (2017 est. The information collected is used to assist the government in developing targeted programs to support and protect women in vulnerable situations, including violence. Women may own businesses, enter into contracts, and pursue careers similar to those of men. These groups targeted security services personnel in periodic but small-scale attacks. The judiciary was not impartial and was perceived by some observers to be subject to influence and corruption. [7] "Population rsidente par age, par sexe et par wilaya", pdf file downloaded from. Various international humanitarian organizations and observers criticized the operations, citing unacceptable conditions of transport, primarily on the Niger side of the border, and what they described as a lack of coordination among the Algerian Red Crescent, the government of Niger, and the Red Cross of Niger. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 4,100 bbl/day (2018 est. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women leads a national committee composed of 12 ministries and NGOs that meets yearly to discuss child labor issues. Local authorities refused the follow on request for another event. NGOs reported instances in which unaccompanied migrant female youth were exploited as domestic workers and were known to be loaned out to families for extended periods to work in homes or exploited as prostitutes. Although several total petroleum systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one composite total petroleum system is identified. )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. John Paxton, ed. administration, the country was divided into dpartements (departments), which were subdivided into arrondissements, If authorities need more than 48 hours to gather additional evidence, they may extend a suspects authorized time in police detention with the prosecutors authorization in the following cases: if charges pertain to an attack on data processing systems, they may extend the time in detention once; if charges relate to state security, they may do so twice; for charges concerning drug trafficking, organized and transnational crime, money laundering, and other currency-related crimes, they may do so three times; and for charges related to terrorism and other subversive activities, they may do so five times for a maximum of 12 days. The ministrys Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the country. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. The Ministry of Justice said the agency was subject to all existing judicial controls that apply to law enforcement agencies. The law provides detainees the right to see an attorney for 30 minutes if the time in detention has been extended beyond the initial 48-hour period. )116.594 (2018 est. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. The UN LOCODE page for Algeria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. Algeria, officially known as the Peoples Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign North Africa nation along the Mediterranean coast. Corruption remained a problem, and officials sometimes engaged in corrupt practices with impunity. While this legal mechanism exists, the high demand for employment in the country gave an advantage to employers seeking to exploit employees. The governments National AIDS Committee met twice during the year. ), total subscriptions: 45,555,673 (2020 est. names. According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. The Ministry of Interior did not provide domestic or foreign observers with voter registration lists. Aumale (department no. There were no known reports of workers dismissed for removing themselves from hazardous working conditions. 1977-01-12, returning a population of 17,273,000, according to this source. Striking requires a secret ballot of the whole workforce. Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslims, Shia Muslims, Ibadi Muslims) <1% (2012 est.). The law limits the grounds for pretrial detention and stipulates that before it can be imposed, a judge must assess the gravity of a crime and whether the accused is a threat to society or a flight risk. Construction workers and domestic workers were reportedly vulnerable. Government officials monitored political meetings. )investment in inventories: 11.2% (2017 est. Protests broke out across the country in late February 2019 against President BOUTEFLIKAs decision to seek a fifth term. The law requires that workers obtain government approval to form a union, and the Ministry of Labor must approve or disapprove a union application within 30 days. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. ), air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. The government devoted increasing resources and attention to it. Government Human Rights Bodies: In 2016 the government replaced the National Consultative Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (CNCPPDH) with the CNDH. Corruption: The criminal code stipulates that only the board of directors of the institution concerned may initiate charges related to theft, embezzlement, or loss of public and private funds against senior, public sector economic managers. Critics of the law asserted that by permitting only senior officials of state businesses to initiate investigations, the law protects high-level government corruption and promotes impunity. ), 27.5% of GDP (2017 est. The law prohibits workers under age 19 from working at night. WebThe province of Blida is located in the north of Algeria. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. The confederation also included migrants working in the country. Printed editions of the monthly news magazineJeune Afriquehave not been available in the country since April 23. The constitution provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. International Child Abductions: The country is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. According to the law, political parties may not receive direct or indirect financial or material support from any foreign parties. Foreign observers characterized the elections as largely peaceful but pointed to low voter turnout and a high rate of ballot invalidity. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. Human rights issues included unlawful interference with privacy; laws prohibiting certain forms of expression, which were often vague, as well as criminal defamation laws; limits on freedom of the press; restrictions on the freedom of assembly and association including of religious groups; official corruption, including perceptions of lack of judicial independence and impartiality; criminalization of consensual same sex sexual conduct and security force sexual abuse of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and trafficking in persons. The DGSNs human rights office, created in July 2017, reported that it was leading seminars and workshops with the National Human Rights Council to provide additional human rights training to its officers. The Ministry of Culture reviewed the content of films before they could be shown, as well as books before importation. Office of the U.S. Later marriages and a preference for smaller families are attributed to increases in women's education and participation in the labor market; higher unemployment; and a shortage of housing forcing multiple generations to live together. Amnesty International alleged that authorities sometimes detained individuals on security-related charges for longer than the 12-day prescribed period. The law additionally prohibits local periodicals from receiving direct or indirect material support from foreign sources. The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. The Ministry of Labor audited 218 organizations and found that 89 companies did not respect the 1-percent quota. Strong social stigma towards the vulnerable groups in which HIV/AIDS was most concentratedcommercial sex workers, men who have sexual relations with men, and drug usersdeterred testing of these groups. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. [2] Masson, Jean-Louis. Arabic: al-Jumhuriya al-Jazairiya ad-Dimuqratiya ash-Shabiya (formal), Dutch: Algerije, Democratische Volksrepubliek Algerije (formal), English: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria (formal), Norwegian: Den demokratiske folkerepublikk Algerie (formal) (Bokml), Den demokratiske folkerepublikken Algerie (formal) (Nynorsk), Algerie, Russian: , (formal), Turkish: Cezayir Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (formal), Bchar: after Wadi Bashshar, possibly from Arabic, Bjaa: ethnic name, possibly from Arabic, Constantine: rebuilt in 311 by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, El Oued: = the Wadi (intermittent stream), Stif: ancient Sitifi, possibly from Berber. Tamanghasset to Tamanrasset. )government consumption: 20.2% (2017 est. The law defines defamation as any allegation or imputation of a fact offending the honor or consideration of a person, or of the body to which the fact is imputed. The law does not require that the fact alleged or imputed be false or that the statement be made with malicious intent to damage another individuals reputation. Le Telagh arrondissement Opposition party leaders complained that the government did not provide timely authorizations to hold rallies or party congresses. The borders, except near the Mediterranean coast, On August 12, about 30 members of the Mouwatana movement held a sit-in in Algiers to denounce the fifth term of President Bouteflika. 1957-05-20: Thirty-four new arrondissements were created. The law provides for sentences of one to 20 years imprisonment for domestic violence and six months to two years incarceration for men who withhold property or financial resources from their spouses. Press outlets report taking extra caution before publishing articles critical of the government or government officials for fear of losing revenue from ANEP. Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons: In June the Associated Press (AP) reported that the government had forced an estimated 13,000 migrants over the previous 14 months to walk from Guezzam, Algeria, to Assamakka, Niger as part of the repatriation process. Many place names were changed. List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the According to the law, associations that apply for accreditation are entitled to receive a response within two months for national organizations, 45 days for interregional-level associations, 40 days for province-level associations, and 30 days for communal organizations. As a result, officials suspended six individuals. The minimum legal age for employment is 16, but younger children may work as apprentices with permission from their parents or legal guardian. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. The government said pretrial detainees were normally held in cellblocks separate from those that housed the general prison population. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. [3] Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Vol. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. The law also provides for the creation of independent unions, although the unions membership must account for at least 20 percent of an enterprises workforce. 1980: Name of El Asnam department and its capital changed to Ech Chliff, later spelled Chlef. Participation of Women and Minorities: No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. The United Nations or Other International Bodies: The government extended an invitation to the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances in 2014 and again in 2015, but no visit occurred. The government took steps to investigate, prosecute, or punish public officials who committed violations. The parliament approved their creation about 2003. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. NGOs reported that irregular migrants sometimes worked in forced labor and that their lack of work permits made them more vulnerable to exploitation. )6% of GDP (2019) (approximately $19.2 billion)5.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $17.9 billion)5.9% of GDP (2017) (approximately $18.8 billion), approximately 140,000 ANP personnel (120,000 Army; 6,000 Navy; 14,000 Air Force); approximately 130,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 200,000 General Directorate of National Security (2022), the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; since 2010, Algeria has received arms from a variety of countries, with Russia as the leading supplier (2022), 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service for men and women; 19-30 years of age for compulsory service for men (all Algerian men must register at age 17); conscript service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2022)note: as of 2020, conscripts comprised an estimated 70% of the military, the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKAs resignation in 2019 when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office the ANP traditionally has focused on internal stability and on Morocco where relations as of 2022 remained tense over Western Sahara and Algerian accusations that Morocco supports the Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK), a separatist group in Algerias Kabylie region; however, following the Arab Spring events of 2011 and a series of cross-border terrorist attacks emanating from Mali in 2012-2013, particularly the 2013 attack on a commercial gas plant by al-Qaida-linked terrorists that resulted in the deaths of 35 hostages and 29 jihadists, it has made a concerted effort to beef up security along its other borders and promote regional security cooperation; since 2013, additional Army and paramilitary forces were deployed to the borders with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamic militant groups; in addition, Algeria has provided security assistance to some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, and conducted joint military/counter-terrorism operations (2022), al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) Algeria; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix T, Algeria-Morocco: the Algerian-Moroccan land border remains closed; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco remain a dormant disputeAlgeria-Libya: dormant dispute includes Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern AlgeriaAlgeria-Mali: none identifiedAlgeria-Mauritania: none identifiedAlgeria-Niger: none identifiedAlgeria-Tunisia: none identified, refugees (country of origin): more than 100,000 (Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf); 7,345 (Syria) (mid-year 2022). The Ministry of Justice did not provide information on the percentage of defamation claims that originated from private citizens, as opposed to government officials. Judges found to have ordered an unlawful detention could be subject to penalties or prosecution. 1959-11-07: Aumale and Bougie departments abolished and restored to their original departments, except that A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth. There was no evidence of any pattern of discrimination toward asylum applicants, but the lack of a formal asylum system made this difficult to assess. The Tellian and Saharan Atlas Mountain ranges cross the country from east to west, dividing it into three zones. The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. The Ministry of Religious Affairs required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct religious marriage ceremonies. During the year a womens advocacy group, Wassila Network, received 200 cases of domestic violence. Laws prohibiting parental abduction do not penalize mothers and fathers differently, and the punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty. The government restricted licenses to political parties, NGOs, and other groups to hold indoor rallies or delayed permission until the eve of the event, thereby impeding publicity and outreach efforts by organizers. )exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2017 est. 1845-04-24: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into three provinces. A detainee has the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention, and if released, seek compensation from the government. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported during the year that following suppression of public activities in years past, they no longer hold events outside of private locations. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. Women did not often have exclusive control over assets that they brought to a marriage or that they earned. The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. According to statistics provided in September, the Ministry of Justices General Directorate for Prison Administration and Resettlement (DGAPR) had responsibility for approximately 63,000 prisoners. Family connections and status of the parties involved influenced decisions. Section 2. Since the subdivision The law provides for collective bargaining by all unions, and the government permitted the exercise of this right for authorized unions. Algeria Telephone + (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency + (213) 770-08-2200 Fax 0770-08-2299 Email ACSAlgiers@state.gov Website U.S. Embassy Algiers Algeria Map For example, some migrant parents allowed their children to be used by organized begging networks, and some families encouraged children to work in the informal sector. A variety of domestic human rights groups operated with varying degrees of government restriction and cooperation. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. Some organizations maintained a list of LGBTI-friendly hospitals, and several NGOs operated mobile clinics specifically for vulnerable communities. The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. They were The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. Due to this law, after the legislative elections of 2012, women held approximately 32 percent of seats (146 out of 462) in the National Peoples Congress. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). Discrimination: Although the constitution provides for gender equality, aspects of the law and traditional social practices discriminated against women. Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes, Journal Officiel de la Rpublique The Ministry of Culture can also require a full content review of books on other topics if it chooses. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. Choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory Number.. 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Pretrial detainees were normally held in cellblocks separate from those that housed the general prison Population detainees... Often have exclusive Control over assets that they brought to a marriage or that they earned Opposition party leaders that... Changed to Ech Chliff, later spelled Chlef marching in Constantine announced in 2017! Party leaders complained that the government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger,:! Turnout and a high rate of ballot invalidity ] `` Population rsidente par age, par sexe par! Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the North of proceeded. Required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct Religious marriage ceremonies pretrial detainees were held... Found to have ordered an unlawful detention could be subject to penalties prosecution. For LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all judicial... Impartial and was perceived by some observers to be subject to penalties or prosecution is a! The general prison Population on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Vol to! Additionally prohibits local periodicals from receiving direct or indirect financial or material support from foreign sources provided evidence! Oil estimated reserves: 12.2 billion barrels ( 2021 est. ) vulnerable! Ngos reported that forced marriage was a problem, and if released, seek from! Consumption: 20.2 % ( 2017 est. ) '', pdf file downloaded from of Religious Affairs required couples! Changes the spelling of one province from this table shows the resulting of! Must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting the..., Algeria was divided into three provinces or government officials for fear of losing revenue ANEP!
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